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Author: Base

BASE Celebrates a Decade of Success in Enabling Bamboo Construction

28 July 2024, Manila. Base Bahay Foundation, Inc. (BASE), the global leader in Bamboo Construction, marks its 10th year of building resilient bamboo infrastructure for the Philippines and beyond. Central to the BASE milestone celebration is a pledge to use its anniversary resources to build more comfortable, affordable, disaster-resilient, and environment-friendly homes for underserved families – a gesture that supports the organization’s goal at its founding by the HILTI Foundation in July 2014 to help address the growing housing gap and reduce the effect of climate change by using local and sustainable materials.

“Together over the last decade, BASE and the Hilti Foundation have worked to elevate the living standards of every family in the community and enable them to have a sustainable future,” says Maricen Jalandoni, BASE President and Hilti Foundation Asia Liaison. “We can think of no better way to celebrate than to bring sustainable shelter to more families.”

Adds Engr. Luis Felipe Lopez, BASE General Manager: “The 2023 UN-Habitat PH Country Report estimates that the Philippines will be saddled with a 22-million housing backlog by 2040. Together with our network of partners, we are putting our BASE Cement-Bamboo Framework to scale as a holistic solution to the global housing gap, climate change, and socioeconomic challenges.”

“Central to our short-term goals is our work to include Bamboo in the National Structural Code for construction that will then allow us to leverage the abundance of bamboo across the country to build more sustainable, resilient, and affordable housing solutions.”

Across the BASE organization, three key pillars define the work: BASE Innovates where as a leading global authority, BASE works with top local and international universities to develop alternative building technologies and design innovations; BASE Builds under which sustainable, resilient, and affordable solutions are developed to address the global housing crisis while also providing an inclusive better future for all; and BASE Enables which pertain to the building of a robust ecosystem for scalable housing solutions that in turn creates a network of bamboo enterprises that drive industry growth and impact.

BASE Innovates

When the BASE Innovation Center in Makati City was inaugurated in 2021 it paved the way for more international and local research collaboration. Today, as a global competence center, over 5,000 tests run at the Base Innovation Center have provided important data to the publication of over 20 papers in scientific journals and the work BASE continues to carry out in partnership with seven (7) local universities and nine (9) international academic institutions. This has resulted in BASE’s accreditation with RILEM (Réunion Internationale des Laboratoires et Experts des Matériaux, systèmes de construction et ouvrages) this year. RILEM is a global network of laboratories and experts in construction materials, systems, and structures.

The testing and research at the Base Innovation Center also provide critical information that supports ongoing efforts together with the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) to include bamboo in the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). With these results, BASE also supports the development of bamboo codes in Nepal and the latest revision of bamboo codes in Colombia.

BASE Enables

The organization’s education outreach in sustainable construction will continue to be key to achieving BASE’s goals. Through the organization’s Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Program under the Bamboo Academy, professional architects and civil engineers earn CPD units that they need for their continued development. To date, Base has conducted 15 online and in-person CPD Programs and trained over 2,000 workers and professional builders.

Just last June, BASE hosted a third in a series of annual bamboo conferences termed “Bamboost” Forum themed Beyond Bamboo: Bridging Green Construction in Codes and Standards”. Bamboost III was a leveled-up event that brought together local and international bamboo experts and partners in sustainable construction who shared their expertise to educate, motivate, and inspire professional builders and bamboo enthusiasts.

Enabling ongoing builds and providing livelihood to communities are six (6) bamboo supply and treatment partners across the Philippines with two more facilities scheduled for completion within the year. Last year, Base established a Quality Management System to improve the services these partners provide and ensure that they meet clients’ needs and demands.

BASE Builds

Supported by all these initiatives, BASE and their partners have built over 2,300 homes in over 20 communities across the Philippines, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and Nicaragua, sheltering around 10,500 individuals. In 2019, BASE started the Negros Occidental Impact 2025 in partnership with Habitat for Humanity Philippines, which is its biggest housing project to date.

Beyond housing, BASE has built 14 special structures, which include a children’s home, an office, a weaving center, community centers, and school buildings which are accredited by the Department of Education (DepEd).

In 2023, Base Bahay started the integration of Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies (EDGE) green building certification on its projects. EDGE is a green building certification system and a sustainability platform developed by the International Finance Corporation. This certification program encourages property developers to design and construct more energy and water-efficient buildings using sustainable materials. It also aims to reduce buildings’ carbon footprint and promote resource conservation. Currently, BASE has five EDGE-certified experts.

When it comes to the organization’s environmental impact, BASE has an average of 35,000 tCO2 savings from the houses built using Cement-Bamboo Frame Technology (CBFT).

Composite bamboo shear walls – A shear wall system for affordable and sustainable housing in tropical developing countries

Authors

Sebastian Kaminski

Luis Felipe López

David J A Trujillo

Edwin Zea Escamilla

Verónica Correa-Giraldo

Juan Correal-Daza

Abstract

Composite bamboo shear walls (CBSW) are modern engineered vernacular-improved shear walls, that take the traditional Latin American wattle-and-daub known as bahareque, and engineer it, using modern materials and construction techniques. CBSWs consist of a frame made of timber and/or large-diameter bamboo, upon which a matrix of cane, small-diameter bamboo, flattened bamboo, bamboo laths, or expanded steel mesh is nailed. The walls are then finished with cement or lime render to form solid shear walls. Over the past 30 years, at least 4000 one and two-storey homes utilizing modern CBSWs have successfully been constructed in various countries around the world, including Costa Rica, Colombia, Nepal, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, El Salvador, and the Philippines. When properly designed and built, they have demonstrated their effectiveness as an affordable, hazard-resilient, low-carbon, and durable form of housing. The system is now codified in the Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Peruvian structural standards, as well as in ISO 22156. Efforts are currently underway to incorporate them into the Philippines, Mexican, and Nepalese codes. This paper describes the history of the CBSW system, variations that exist across the world, the current state of knowledge with regard to codes, strength, ductility, sustainability, and fire, and recommendations for areas of future research. The paper argues that the CBSW system is an effective way of creating low-carbon housing that provides excellent code-compliant strength, ductility, and durability, and has significant potential for affordable housing in lower and middle-income highly seismic countries where bamboo grows.

Bridging Housing and Climate Needs: Bamboo Construction in the Philippines

Authors

Timo Bundi

Luis Felipe Lopez

Guillaume Habert

Edwin Zea Escamilla

Abstract

The Philippines faces a significant shortage of affordable housing, and with the growing
urgency brought by climate change, there is a pressing need for more sustainable and affordable
building solutions. One promising option is cement bamboo frame buildings, which blend traditional
bamboo building methods with modern materials. This approach is already being implemented
in social housing projects in the Philippines. Dynamic lifecycle assessment (DLCA) calculations
show that these bamboo buildings can effectively reduce overall CO2 emissions. Before a building’s
end of life, biogenic effects offset approximately 43% of its total production emissions, while the
temporary carbon storage afforded by these biogenic materials further reduces total emissions by
14%. In comparison to concrete brick buildings, bamboo constructions reduce emissions by 70%.
Transforming an unmanaged bamboo plantation into a managed plantation can potentially triple
the capacity for long-term CO2 storage in biogenic materials and further reduce net emissions by
replacing concrete with bamboo as the main construction material. Thus, bamboo construction offers
a potent, economically viable carbon-offsetting strategy for social housing projects.

Experimental Study on the Dowel-Bearing Strength of Bambusa blumeana Bamboo Used for SustainableHousing Construction

Authors

Cres Dan O. Bangoy, Jr.

Jedelle Y. Falcon

Hannah Amyrose F. Lorenzo

Steven Royce A. Zeng

Lessandro Estelito O. Garciano

Carlo Joseph D. Cacanando

Abstract

This study addresses the critical issue of dowel-bearing strength in Bambusa blumeana,
a key sustainable construction material crucial for climate change mitigation. Given the lack of
bamboo connection standards, this research focuses on determining the dowel-bearing strength of
Bambusa blumeana, emphasizes factors such as dowel diameter, node placements, and the physical
properties of bamboo. A predictive equation is derived, enhancing the practicality of bamboo in
structural design. The results underscore a notable correlation between dowel diameter and characteristic strength, with implications for engineering practices. Node placements significantly affect
dowel-bearing capacity, while bamboo’s physical attributes, including thickness, culm diameter, and
moisture content, exhibit modest correlations with strength. The derived equation aims to assist
in structural design, mitigating splitting and bearing failures in bamboo structures. This research
establishes a foundation for optimizing the use of Bambusa blumeana in sustainable construction,
advancing the understanding of its dowel-bearing strength for improved sustainability and resilience
in the construction industry. Future research suggestions include exploring bamboo–mortar composites, additional node placements, and employing more comprehensive empirical equations and
curve-fitting techniques. The study advocates for further investigations with more diverse and
larger bamboo samples to bolster robustness. Additionally, delving into bamboo ductility may offer
valuable insights.

Establishment of Characteristic Shear Strength Parallel to Fiber of Different Local Bamboo Species in the Philippines

Authors

Brian E. Bautista

Lessandro E.O. Garciano

Luis F. Lopez

Abstract

The adoption of bamboo as an alternative to traditional building materials in the Philippines is hampered due to its non-inclusion in the local structural code. Given the inherent variability in the mechanical properties of bamboo, determining its characteristic strength is crucial in the development of the local bamboo structural code. The literature on the characteristic strength of bamboo is also limited. In this study, the characteristic shear strength of several economically viable bamboo species in the Philippines was established based on 220 shear test results. Two factors led to the choice of this mechanical property: (1) Shear strength parallel to fiber exhibits the highest degree of variation among mechanical properties; and (2) Shear is one of the governing forces on joint connections, and these connections are the weak points in bamboo structures when exposed to extreme loading conditions. All tests were conducted in accordance with the ISO 22157-1 (2017) shear test protocol. ISO 12122-1 (2014) was used to calculate the characteristic shear strength. The results showed that Bambusa philippinensis has the highest characteristic shear strength value (7.26 MPa) followed by Dendrocalamus asper (6.98 MPa), Bambusa vulgaris (6.46 MPa), Bambusa blumeana (5.15 MPa), and Gigantochloa apus (5.11 MPa). A comparison of the shear strength values using One-way ANOVA also revealed statistically significant differences in shear strength among these bamboo species, highlighting the importance of bamboo species identification in the structural design process.

Mechanical Characterization of Bamboo Pole for Building Engineering: A Review

Authors

N. A. Bahrin
M. K. Kamarudin
H. Mansor
Y. Sahol-Hamid
Z. Ahmad,
L. F. Lopez

Abstract

Bamboo is a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional construction materials. Despite the fact that three species are well known for structural applications, namely Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa scortechinii, and Gigantochloa levis, the scientific data for their mechanical characterization is scarcely available and widely dispersed. In addition, a systematic literature review appraising the study advancement of mechanical characterization of bamboo had been unavailable. This paper bridges this gap by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) of the available literature of mechanical characterization of bamboo pole. A total of 54 relevant articles were retrieved from Scopus and snowballing and then put forward through bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. The results showed that the distribution of data for physical and mechanical characterization of the aforementioned species was scattered due to the different location (origin), age, and initial moisture content recorded during empirical work among the researchers. This review’s importance and distinctiveness lie in its synthesis of the existing literature on bamboo mechanical characterization. The findings provide a point of reference for both academia and industry by bridging the scarcity of current bamboo engineering data and outlining future possibilities for bamboo research in the building and construction domain.